CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET Notes

 

                       Class X  Computer Applications (165)

                              Internet (Chap1)

 

CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET:-

There are mainly three ways of connecting to the Internet, which are as follows:

1. Dial-up Connection
It is a temporary connection, set-up between your computer and ISP server.
Dial-up connection uses the telephone line (Public Switched Telephone Network-PSTN) and modem to connect to the Internet. The modem connects the computer through the standard phone lines, which serves as the data transfer medium. When a user initiates a dial-up connection, user need to enter the password and specify a username and modem dials a phone number of an Internet Service Provider (ISP) that is designated to receive dial-up calls.
The ISP then establishes the connection, which usually takes about 10 sec and is accompanied by several beeping and buzzing sounds.

2. Broadband Connection
The term broadband commonly refers to high speed Internet access that is always ON and faster than the traditional dial-up access. It is the short form of broadband width, that uses a telephone line to connect to the Internet. Speed of broadband connection is measured in Mbps (Megabits per second).
Broadband access allows users to connect to the Internet at greater speed than a standard 256 Kbps (Kilobits per second) modem or dial-up access. Broadband access requires the use of a broadband modem.
Broadband includes several high speed transmission technologies, which are as follows

 

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
It is a popular broadband connection which provides Internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network. It uses the existing copper telephone lines for Internet access. A special modem is necessary in order to be able to use a DSL service over a standard phone line.

Cable Modem
This service enables cable operators to provide broadband using the same co-axial cables, that deliver pictures and sound to your TV set.
A cable modem can be added to or integrated with a set-top box that provides your TV set for Internet access. They provide transmission speed of 1.5 Mbps or more.

3. Wireless Connection
Wireless broadband connects a home or business to the Internet using a radio link between the customer’s location and the service provider’s facility. Wireless broadband can be mobile or fixed. Unlike DSL and cable, wireless broadband requires neither a modem nor cables.
The distance between the’ devices connected to each other through a wireless Internet connection does not affect the rate of data transfer between them.
Some ways to connect the Internet wirelessly are as follows:

Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
It is a universal wireless networking technology that utilises radio frequencies to transfer data. Wi-Fi allows high speed Internet connections without the use of cables or wires. Wi-Fi networks can be designed for private access within a home or business. It can be used for public Internet access at ‘hot spots’ that offers Wi-Fi access such as restaurants, coffee shops, hotels, airports, convention centres and city parks.

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)
Today, it is one of the hottest broadband wireless technology. These systems are expected to deliver Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) services upto 31 miles (45 km) for fixed stations and 3-10 miles (5-15 km) for mobile stations.
WiMAX It would operate similar to Wi-Fi but at higher speed, over greater distances and for a greater number of users. It has the ability to provide services even in areas that are difficult for wired infrastructure to reach. Also, it has the ability to overcome the physical limitations of traditional wired infrastructure.

Some advantages and disadvantages of different connection types are as follows:

Connection types	Advantages	Disadvantages
Dial-up	(a)  Easily available. (b)  Available at low cost. (c)  Can be used through fixed or cellular phone.	(a)  Slower than broadband. (b)  Needs expensive set-up. (c)  Phone remains busy.
Broadband	(a)  Telephone can be used with Internet connection. (b)  Faster than a dial-up connection. (c)  Always on type of connection.	(a)  Expensive than dial-up. (b)  Not available in all areas. (c)   Needs expensive set-up.
Wireless	(a)  No phone line required. (b)  Easy and inexpensive to set-up. (c)  No limitation of location. (d)  Connectivity is never a problem.	(a)  Vulnerable (b)  Not much secured. (c)   Limited security mechanisms. (d)  Medical disadvantage can cause one cancer.

Satellites which are orbiting around the earth, provide necessary links for telephone and television service. They can also provide links for broadband. Satellite broadband is another form of wireless broadband and is also useful for serving remote or sparsely populated areas.

Who Governs the Internet?
Internet is not governed by any single organisation. Some volunteer groups had been formed to help, co-ordinate and wrist with the development of the Internet.
These organisations are as follows:

·         Internet Architecture Board (IAB) It is a technical advisory group of the Internet society and is chartered to provide oversight of the architecture of the Internet, its protocols and resources.

·         Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) It develops and maintains the Internet’s communication protocols.

·         Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) It looks into long-term research problems that could be critical in five or ten years.

·         Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC)
It provides various registry services needed for the Internet to operate effectively.

·         World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) It develops standards for the evolution of the Web.

·         Internet Society (ISOC) It concerns with the growth and evolution of the Internet and the way in which the Internet can be used.

Note- Students need to note down the study material in the notebook.  Also attempt the assignment and do it correctly.

 

Youtube support, Topic- Ways to connect Internet, please visit the link

https://youtu.be/J6SuENWoYhM

 

Assignment 1 (may2020)

1.    Multiple choice questions:-

(i) Each webpage has its own unique address known as

a. Uniform resource locator

b. Universal resource locator

c. Uniform resource location

(ii) The internet is owned by

a.    IAB         b. IETF       c. none of these

          (iii)  Which part of the TCP/IP is responsible for reassembling the received packets at   

                 recipient computer?

a.     TCP          b. IP      C. none

           (iv) It is the set of standard rules that all sites follow while communicating on Internet.

a.    Modem          b. Broadband     c. Protocol

            (v) WWW webpages always should include hypertext. What is hypertext?

 a. Blue words and phrases

 b. specially colored words and phrases

c. Words and phrases that have links to other web pages.

2.    The ARPANET was released in:
(a) 1969      (b) 1995               (c) 1981             (d) 1990

3.    Name the organisations that govern the Internet.

4.    Write full forms of a. Wi-Fi   b. Wi-Max.

5.    Internet provides three ways of connection. Name them.

6.    Differentiate between Wi-fi and Wi-max?

 

Sadhu singh

 (T.GT)

 Computer Science